Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

      Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field that has a long history but is still constantly and actively growing and changing. In this course, you’ll learn the basics of modern AI as well as some of the representative applications of AI. Along the way, we also hope to excite you about the numerous applications and huge possibilities in the field of AI, which continues to expand human capability beyond our imagination.

Before leading to the meaning of artificial intelligence let understand what is the meaning of the Intelligence-
Intelligence: The ability to learn and solve problems. This definition is taken from webster’s Dictionary.

The most common answer that one expects is “to make computers intelligent so that they can act intelligently!”, but the question is how much intelligent? How can one judge the intelligence?

…as intelligent as humans. If the computers can, somehow, solve real-world problems, by improving on their own from the past experiences, they would be called “intelligent”.
Thus, the AI systems are more generic(rather than specific), have the ability to “think” and are more flexible.

Intelligence, as we know, is the ability to acquire and apply the knowledge. Knowledge is the information acquired through experience. Experience is the knowledge gained through exposure(training). Summing the terms up, we get artificial intelligence as the “copy of something natural(i.e., human beings) ‘WHO’ is capable of acquiring and applying the information it has gained through exposure.”

 

Intelligence is composed of:

·        Reasoning

·        Learning

·        Problem Solving

·        Perception

·        Linguistic Intelligence

 

     Major Goals

·        Knowledge reasoning

·        Planning

·        Machine Learning

·        Natural Language Processing

·        Computer Vision

·        Robotics

 

 

AI has developed a large number of tools to solve the most difficult problems in computer science, like:

 

·        Search and optimization

·        Logic

·        Probabilistic methods for uncertain reasoning

·        Classifiers and statistical learning methods

·        Neural networks

·        Control theory

·        Languages

 

High-profile examples of AI include autonomous vehicles (such as drones and self-driving cars), medical diagnosis, creating art (such as poetry), proving mathematical theorems, playing games (such as Chess or Go), search engines (such as Google search), virtual assistants (such as Siri), image recognition in photographs, spam filtering, prediction of judicial decisions[204] and targeted online advertisements. Other applications include Healthcare, Automotive, Finance, Video games etc

Are there limits to how intelligent machines – or human-machine hybrids – can be? A superintelligence, hyperintelligence, or superhuman intelligence is a hypothetical agent that would possess intelligence far surpassing that of the brightest and most gifted human mind. ‘‘Superintelligence’’ may also refer to the form or degree of intelligence possessed by such an agent.

 

References: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence

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